土耳其里拉

土耳其里拉簡(jiǎn)介 土耳其里拉也稱鎊(Pound)，由土耳其共和國(guó)中央銀行 (The CentraI Bank of the Republicof Turkey土耳其里拉簡(jiǎn)介 土耳其里拉也稱鎊(Pound)，由土耳其共和國(guó)中央銀行 (The CentraI Bank of the Republicof Turkey)發(fā)行。土耳其史稱突厥。14世紀(jì)初建立奧斯曼帝國(guó)，20世紀(jì)淪為英、法、德等國(guó)的半殖民地，1923年10月29號(hào)成立土耳其共和國(guó)。1840年土耳其帝國(guó)首次發(fā)行了500庫(kù)魯手繪利息為12.5％的票據(jù)，同年第二次發(fā)行的面額有1000、500、250、100和50庫(kù)魯。第三次發(fā)行是1841年和 1843年。第四次是1851年發(fā)行的、利息為6％的票據(jù)，面額有10000、5000、2000、1000、250、100和50庫(kù)魯。從1840年到1861年共發(fā)行過8次。土耳其帝國(guó)銀行根據(jù)1862年2月6號(hào)、1912年3月30號(hào)、1912年12月16號(hào)、1912年12月22號(hào)、1913年3 月2比1913年8月6比1913年2月4號(hào)、1914年3月28號(hào)和1915年3月28號(hào)等法令發(fā)行過鈔票。如1933年，曾發(fā)行過面額為100、 50、5和1鎊鈔票。土耳其共和國(guó)成立后，于1926年發(fā)行過面額為1000、500、100、50、10、5和1里拉鈔票。土耳其中央銀行（Tukiye CumhriyetMer Bankasi）發(fā)行靠前版鈔是根據(jù)1930年1月30號(hào)中央銀行法，于1937年到1942年發(fā)行的。面額有1000、500、100、50、10、5、2.5和1里拉和50庫(kù)魯鈔票。第二版鈔是1942年到1947年發(fā)行的，面額有1000、500、 100、50、10、2.5里拉；第三次發(fā)行是1947年和1948年，面值為100和10里拉；第四次是1952年到1968年，第五次發(fā)行是在 1966年和1968年；第六次發(fā)鈔是1971年到1981年，面額有5000、1000、500、100、20、10和5里拉；第七次發(fā)行是1984年到1989年，面額有50000、20000、10000、5000、1000、500、100、10里拉。1991年發(fā)行了100000里拉鈔票。1947年6月3號(hào)，初次規(guī)定土耳其里拉含金量為0.317382克，同年6月19號(hào)起生效。法定匯率為 2.80里拉等于1美元，11.28里拉等于1英鎊。1960年8月20號(hào)，里拉含金量減到0.0987412克，法定匯率為9里拉等于1美元， 25.20里拉等于1英鎊。1970年8月9號(hào)，里拉含金量減到0.0592447克，法定匯率跟隨變動(dòng)。1972年6月23號(hào)，英鎊浮動(dòng)后，土耳其里拉兌英鎊匯率隨時(shí)調(diào)整。1975年7月8號(hào)起，對(duì)美元貶為14.25里拉等于1美元，并實(shí)施自由浮動(dòng)，但仍以美元作為干預(yù)貨幣，對(duì)其余首要貨幣，隨時(shí)依據(jù)美元匯率執(zhí)行調(diào)整。1986年10月31號(hào)，官方規(guī)定里拉的買賣差價(jià)為0.5％。里拉兌美元的匯率由土耳其共和國(guó)中央銀行依據(jù)每日外匯市場(chǎng)行情確定，兌其它貨幣的比價(jià)則由外匯市場(chǎng)美元兌其它貨幣匯率套算確定。 2001年初土耳其中央銀行曾計(jì)劃發(fā)行新的紙幣，新幣的面額1土耳其里拉相當(dāng)于以前的100萬土耳其里拉。中央銀行總裁森丹杰契提卻表明，惟有在通脹率降到一名數(shù)下方時(shí)，中央銀行才會(huì)考慮如此做。但2001年9月至今，土耳其通脹率已逾過70%，所以上述想法只能作罷。2001年11月11號(hào)土耳其中央銀行宣稱，市場(chǎng)上面額1000萬的土耳其里拉鈔票流通率已逾過80%，中央銀行決定在11月末以前發(fā)行面額2000萬土耳其里拉的鈔票，它形成世界面額最大的鈔票。以匯率1美元兌160萬土耳其里拉計(jì)算，2000萬土耳其里拉，約合12.5美元。領(lǐng)取最低薪資的土耳其員工，每月可領(lǐng)到7張2000萬土耳其里拉的紙幣。據(jù)2001年金氏紀(jì)錄大全記載，土耳其里拉是全球“最不值錢的貨幣”，以2000年5月份世界各國(guó)的幣值比較，1美元等于61萬5千土耳其里拉，臺(tái)幣1元約等于2萬土耳其里拉。 2004年10月25號(hào)土耳其中央銀行靠前次向公眾公開了于2004年12月正式發(fā)行的新貨幣——“新土耳其里拉”紙幣。 新貨幣包含“1新土耳其里拉”、“2新土耳其里拉”、“5新土耳其里拉”、“10新土耳其里拉”、“20新土耳其里拉”、“50新土耳其里 拉”和“100新土耳其里拉”紙幣。新幣正面均印有土耳其國(guó)父穆斯塔法·凱末爾·阿塔圖爾克的肖像，背面畫像各不相同，顏色也不一樣。土耳其還會(huì)發(fā)行1、2、5、10、25、50小貨幣單位的“庫(kù)魯什”硬幣。 土耳其大國(guó)民議會(huì)2004年稍早通過了一項(xiàng)法案，答應(yīng)財(cái)政部于2005年1月1號(hào)起開始流通“新土耳其里拉”，以取代當(dāng)下的“土耳其里拉”?！?新土耳其里拉”等于當(dāng)下的“100萬土耳其里拉”。 而面值100的新“庫(kù)魯什”硬幣相當(dāng)于“1新土耳其里拉”。 依據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)定，“新土耳其里拉”于2005年1月1號(hào)開始運(yùn)用。新舊土耳其里拉過渡到2005年12月31號(hào)為止。隨后，舊土耳其里拉停止運(yùn)用。 土耳其里拉幣值與換算 紙幣有：100000、50000、20000、10000、500、1000里拉新貨幣包含：1、2、5、10、20、50和“100新土耳其里拉”鑄幣有：100、50、25、 20、10、5、1里拉和1、 2、5、10、25、50小貨幣單位的“庫(kù)魯什”1里拉等于100庫(kù)魯(Kurus)。1土耳其里拉 = 5.73048622 × 10-6 人民幣待翻譯 Old Turkish LiraUp until 2005 the Turkish currency was the Turkish lira or in Turkish; Türk liras?, it was often referred to as just lira but almost always referred to as the Turkish lira outside Turkey, to avoid confusion with the better-known former Italian lira. Prices in Turkey is old lira were usually written using the abbreviation TL, which pceded the price, The ISO 4217 code for the old Turkish lira was TRL.The gold lira was introduced in 1843, weighing 7.216 g with a fineness of 91.67%, that is, 6.6 g of gold. In a bimetallic system, it was defined as equal in value to 100 silver kuru? of 1 g of silver (1.2027 g at 83%), first minted in 1844, at a ratio of 15.09. Each kuru? was pided into 40 para. There were 5, 10, and 20 kuru? coins; the 20-kuru? coin was called a mecidiye. All coinage minted until 1922 followed these standards.Before the lira, the monetary unit used by the Ottoman Empire was first the ak?e, later to be replaced by the kuru? (piastre), with the para as a subunit (1 para being equal to 3 ak?e, thus 1 kuru? equal to 120 ak?e). Having begun as a large silver coin, by the late 1800s the kurus had shrunk to a small silver coin.The Banque Imperiale Ottomane (Imperial Ottoman Bank) first issued paper currency denominated in kuru?, with values ranging from 5 to 5000 kurus. The denomination switched from kuru? to lira in the mid 1870s. Denominations ranged from 5 kuru? to 1000 lira, with the 50,000-lira banknote specially ppared to fund the issue of small change (1- and 2?-kurus) notes.World War I saw Turkey effectively depart from the gold standard with the gold lira being worth about nine lira in paper money by the early 1920s.The Turkish Republic replaced the older imperial Ottoman paper liras with the Turkish lira being reissued as a mid size silver coin. Turkish lira notes were also introduced in denominations of 1, 2?, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 lira. Each note carried the portrait of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.After Atatürk's death in 1938, new notes were ppared with the portrait of President ?smet ?n?nü. Atatürk reappeared on a subsequent series of notes in the early 1950s.Chronic inflation from the late 1970s onward saw the Turkish lira sharply depciate against other major currencies. The table below gives a snapshot of the decline in the value of the Turkish lira against the United States Dollar from 1933 through 2001.YEAR Turkish Lira vs. US Dollar1933 2 Turkish Lira1966 9 Turkish Lira1980 90 Turkish Lira1988 1,300 Turkish Lira1995 45,000 Turkish Lira2001 1,650,000 Turkish LiraThe Turkish lira slid in value to such an extent that one original gold lira coin could be sold for approximately 120,000,000 Turkish lira prior to the 2005 revaluation.In its last few years the Turkish lira stabilized and even rose against the U.S. dollar and the Euro. In December 2004, it traded at about 1,350,000 lira to 1 U.S. dollar, and about 1,850,000 lira per Euro. The Guinness Book of Records ranked the Turkish lira as the world's least valuable currency.New Turkish Lira "Yeni Türk Liras?"The new Turkish lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Introduced on 1 January 2005, it is equivalent to 1,000,000 old Turkish lira. New banknotes were issued denominated in New Turkish Lira, the old banknotes circulated alongside the new currency for all of 2005. Old Turkish lira banknotes were legal tender until the end of 2005, and may be exchanged at the Central Bank until the end of 2015. The new Turkish lira is pided into 100 new kuru?. The ISO 4217 code for the new Turkish lira is TRY. Prices are expssed using the abbreviation YTL, which short for "Yeni Türk Liras?", Turkish for "New Turkish Lira"Banknotes are currently issued in denominations of 1 YTL, 5 YTL, 10 YTL, 20 YTL, 50 YTL and 100 YTL. The Bank of Turkey has indicated that it has plans to issue a new 200 YTL banknote, although the new denomination is not expected for a couple of years. It is also planned to ｄｒｏｐ the word "New" from the currency name in 2009.Coins currently in circulation come in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 new kuru?, and 1 YTL. The design of the 50 kuru? and 1 lira coins, much to the dismay of the European Central Bank, clearly resembles that of the one and two euro coins respectively. This has caused confusion in the euro zone. Also, it has caused trouble to businesses using vending machines, particularly at airports in the euro zone. Since numerous vending machines at the time accepted the 1 lira coin as a two euro coin, vending machines affected had to be quickly upgraded at the expense of the operators. Two euros is worth roughly four times more then a 1 lira coin. 土耳其里拉樣幣 Banknotes denominated in New Turkish Lira (2005 - Present)The new Turkish lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Introduced on 1 January 2005, it is equivalent to 1,000,000 old Turkish lira, which remained legal tender until the end of 2005, the new Turkish lira is pided into 100 new kuru?. 土耳其里拉鑄幣 土耳其里拉鑄幣新版2005里拉鑄幣